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Twilight is a 2008 American romantic-fantasy film directed by Catherine Hardwicke and based on the novel of the same name by Stephenie Meyer. The film stars Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan, a teenage girl who falls in love with vampire Edward Cullen, portrayed by Robert Pattinson. The project was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures before it was put into pre-production by Summit Entertainment. The novel was adapted for the screen by Melissa Rosenberg in late 2007, shortly before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The film was primarily shot in Washington and Oregon in early 2008. Twilight was released in theaters on November 21, 2008,[5] and grossed $35.7 million on its opening day.[6]
The soundtrack was released on November 4, 2008.[7]
Comparison with the book
The filmmakers behind Twilight worked to create a film that was as faithful to the book as they thought possible when converting the story to another medium, with producer Greg Mooradian saying, "It's very important to distinguish that we're making a separate piece of art that obviously is going to remain very, very faithful to the book.... But at the same time, we have a separate responsibility to make the best movie you can make."[60] In order to ensure a faithful adaptation, author Stephenie Meyer was kept very involved in the production process, having been invited to visit the set during filming and even asked to give notes on the script and on a rough cut of the film.[61] Of this process, Meyer said, "It was a really pleasant exchange [between me and the filmmakers] from the beginning, which I think is not very typical. They were really interested in my ideas,"[62] and, "...they kept me in the loop and with the script, they let me see it and said, 'What are your thoughts?'... They let me have input on it and I think they took 90 percent of what I said and just incorporated it right in to the script."[61] Meyer fought for one line in particular, one of the most well-known from the book about "the lion and the lamb", to be kept verbatim in the movie: "I actually think the way Melissa [Rosenberg] wrote it sounded better for the movie...but the problem is that line is actually tattooed on peoples' bodies... But I said, 'You know, if you take that one and change it, that's a potential backlash situation.'"[61] Meyer was even invited to create a written list of things that could not be changed for the film, such as giving the vampires fangs or killing characters who don't die in the book, that the studio agreed to follow.[61][62] The consensus among critics is that the filmmakers succeeded in making a film that is very faithful to its source material,[63][64] with one reviewer stating that, with a few exceptions, "Twilight the movie is unerringly faithful to the source without being hamstrung by it."[65]
They could have filmed [the script developed when the project was at Paramount] and not called it Twilight because it had nothing to do with the book... When Summit [Entertainment] came into the picture, they were so open to letting us make rules for them, like "Okay, Bella cannot be a track star. Bella cannot have a gun or night vision goggles. And, no jet skis...."
—Twilight author Stephenie Meyer[18]
However, as is most often the case with book-to-film adaptations, differences exist between the movie and original source material. Certain scenes from the book were cut from the film, such as a biology room scene where Bella's class does blood typing. Hardwicke explains, "Well [the book is] almost 500 pages — you do have to do the sweetened condensed milk version of that.... We already have two scenes in biology: the first time they're in there and then the second time when they connect. For a film, when you condense, you don't want to keep going back to the same setting over and over. So that's not in there."[66] The settings of certain conversations in the book were also changed to make the scenes more "visually dynamic" on-screen, such as Bella revealing that she knows Edward is a vampire in a meadow in the film, as opposed to in Edward's car in the novel.[66] A biology field trip scene is added to the movie, in order to condense the moments of Bella's frustration at trying to explain how Edward saved her from being crushed by a van.[60] One of the largest changes was the introduction of the villainous vampires much earlier in the film than they appear in the book, with Rosenberg explaining that, "you don't really see James and the other villains until to the last quarter of the book, which really won't work for a movie. You need that ominous tension right off the bat. We needed to see them and that impending danger from the start. And so I had to create back story for them, what they were up to, to flesh them out a bit as characters."[23] Rosenberg also combined some of the human high school students, with Lauren Mallory and Jessica Stanley becoming the character of Jessica in the movie, and a "compilation of a couple of different human characters" becoming Eric Yorkie.[24] About these variances from the book, Mooradian stated, "I think we did a really judicious job of distilling [the book]. Our greatest critic, Stephenie Meyer, loves the screenplay, and that tells me that we made all the right choices in terms of what to keep and what to lose. Invariably, you're going to lose bits and pieces that certain members of the audience are going to desperately want to see, but there's just a reality that we're not making 'Twilight: The Book' the movie."[60]
Release
Box office
Twilight grossed over $7 million in ticket sales from midnight showings alone on November 21, 2008.[67] The film is third overall on online ticket service Fandango's list of top advance ticket sales, outranked only by Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith and The Dark Knight.[67] It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day, the biggest opening day gross for a non-sequel and non-summer movie.[68] For its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Twilight accumulated $69.6 million from 3,419 theaters at an average of $20,368 per theater.[69]
As of February 26, 2009, the film has made $189,578,616 in the United States and Canada, and a further $177,582,118 in international territories for a total of $367,160,734 worldwide.[4]
Critical reception
Based on 180 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes as of February 14, 2009, the film has received an overall "Rotten" rating of 49%, with a weighted average score of 5.4/10.[70] In describing the critical consensus, it stated: "Having lost much of its bite transitioning to the big screen, Twilight will please its devoted fans, but do little for the uninitiated."[70] By comparison, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, calculated an average score of 56 from the 37 reviews it collected, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.[71] New York Press critic Armond White called the film "a genuine pop classic"[72], and praised Hardwicke for turning "Meyer’s book series into a Brontë-esque vision."[73]
Home media
A two-disc special edition DVD of the film will be released in North America on March 21, 2009, and on April 6, 2009 in the U.K..[74][75] Hardwicke revealed that the bonus features will include about 10 to 12 extended or deleted scenes, montages and music videos, behind-the-scenes interviews, a "making-of" segment, and commentary featuring Hardwicke, Stewart, and Pattinson.[76][77] The Blu-Ray edition of the film will also be released on March 21, 2009 in select locations, but will be available at most retailers May 5, 2009.[78]
Awards
Bravo's A-List Breakout: Robert Pattinson - Twilight (nominated)[79]
International Film Music Critics: Carter Burwell - Best Original Score For A Horror/Thriller Film (nominated)[80]
Sequel
On November 22, 2008, Summit Entertainment confirmed a sequel to Twilight based on the second book in the series, New Moon.[81][82][83] On December 7, 2008, it was announced that Hardwicke would not direct the sequel.[84] Chris Weitz was confirmed as the director on December 13, 2008. [85] Rosenberg had been working on adapting the novel prior to Twilight's release.[86]
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